Fig. 3
Citation trend of 278 core VIPs (1993–2023). Word clouds representing core VIPs over a specific time period, using cumulative citations for core VIPs with multiple publications. Font sizes in the word clouds correspond to the logarithm of citation counts for each period, and cloud heights are scaled by the logarithm of the annual citation averages. The top 10 most cited core VIPs during the period are listed. Note: Core VIPs are methods primarily designed for variant impact prediction and are not classified as databases