Fig. 4

A meta-analysis was conducted by merging the inverse-variance weighted causal estimates obtained from MR analysis using LDL-C datasets from Sakaue et al., as well as GLGC. The plots illustrate the combined estimates for inhibitions of HMGCR, PCSK9, and NPC1L on sarcopenia-related traits. Genetically proxied inhibitions of HMGCR, PCSK9, and NPC1L1 have no causal impact on risk of low hand grip strength (a). Genetically predicted inhibition of HMGCR is related to an increase in appendicular lean mass, while inhibition of PCSK9 is associated with a decrease in appendicular lean mass (b). Genetically proxied inhibition of HMGCR is also associated with a decelerated walking pace (c). P-values in bold and red to indicate the results with statistical significance. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HMGCR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase; PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9; NPC1L1, Niemann-Pick C1-like 1; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; GLGC; Global Lipids Genetics Consortium