Fig. 5

Meta-analysis of the causal associations between type 1 diabetes and PCOS. A, Meta-analysis between type 1 diabetes with ophthalmic complications and PCOS; B, meta-analysis between type 1 diabetes with peripheral circulatory complications and PCOS; C, meta-analysis between type 1 diabetes with renal complications and PCOS; D, meta-analysis between type 1 diabetes with other specified/multiple/unspecified complications and PCOS. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval